Interrogative Pronouns

To ask about people:

Long Form

Short Form

Translation

Subject

Qui est-ce qui Qui est-ce qui estvenu?

Qui Qui est venu?

Who came?

Direct Object

Qui est-ce que Qui est-ce que tu asvu?

Qui Qui as-tu vu?

Whom did you see?

Object of Preposition

Preposition + qui est-ce que A quiest-ce que tu as parlé?

Preposition + qui A qui as-tuparlé?

Whom did you speak to?

To ask about things:

Long Form

Short Form

Translation

Subject

Qu'est-ce qui Qu'est-ce qui estarrivé?

No short form

What happened?

Direct Object

Qu'est-ce que Qu'est-ce que tu asfait?

Que Qu'as-tu fait?

What did you do?

Object of Preposition

Preposition + quoi est-ce que Dequoi est-ce que tu as parlé?

Preposition + quoiDe quoi as-tuparlé?

What did you talk about?

1. Use of Inversion whenSubject is Noun: a. Withqui and quoi, inversion pattern is regular. Qui Marie a-t-ellevu? Whom did Marie see? De quoi Marc a-t-il besoin? Whatdoes Marc need? b. With que, the noun subject must be inverted directly.Que veut Jean? What does Jean want? Que font lesautres? What are the others doing? c. However, if the sentencecontains more than a subject and verb, or if the verb is in a compoundtense (such as the passé composé), the short form is not used. Qu'est-ceque Luc veut faire aujourd'hui? What does Luc want to do today?Qu'est-ce que les autres ont fait? What did the others do?

2. Verb Agreement: a. Interrogative pronouns are usually masculinesingular. Les voitures font du bruit. Qu'est-ce qui fait dubruit? Les enfants sont arrivés. Qui est arrivé? b.Exception: when qui is followed by a conjugated form of être, the verbsagrees with the noun that follows. Qui étaient Les TroisMousquetaires?

3.Qu'est-ce que (or qui) vs. Quel:a. Qu'est-ce que c'est que is used to ask for a definition, and quelasks for specific information. Qu'est-ce que c'est que lecamembert? What is "camembert"? Quel est le problème? What is the problem? b. When followed by a conjugated form of être, quelis used if être is followed by a noun and qu'est-ce qui is used if êtreis followed by anything other than a noun. Quelle est la date? Whatis the date? Qu'est-ce qui est bon? What is good?

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